Welcome to our Doctor’s Q&A corner!

Today Dr Virdi answers questions on fitness for older adults in their 60s, 70s and above, specifically on Heart and Chronic Conditions. Don’t forget to send in any questions you might have for Dr Virdi. All personal details remain confidential. We will only publish your question.

Question/s:

“Is exercise safe if I have high blood pressure? Can I exercise if I have heart disease? What exercises are safe if I have diabetes? How can I exercise with osteoporosis? Is exercise safe if I’ve had a stroke?”

Answer/s:

Is exercise safe if I have high blood pressure?

In most cases, yes — and regular exercise is actually an important part of managing high blood pressure. However, if your blood pressure is very high or poorly controlled, you should speak to your GP before starting vigorous exercise. For most people, gradually building up activities such as walking, cycling, swimming and strength exercises is safe and beneficial. If you have been prescribed blood-pressure medication, continue taking it as advised. If you experience chest pain, severe breathlessness, dizziness or feel faint during exercise, stop and seek medical advice.

Can I exercise if I have heart disease?

Yes. In fact, exercise is usually an important part of managing heart disease and reducing the risk of further cardiovascular problems. The type and intensity of exercise should depend on the particular heart condition and how well controlled it is. Someone who has had a heart attack, stent or bypass may benefit from a cardiac rehabilitation programme, where exercise is introduced gradually and safely. If you have significant heart disease or are unsure what level of exercise is appropriate for you, speak to your doctor or cardiac rehabilitation team before increasing the intensity.

What exercises are safe if I have diabetes?

People with diabetes can and should exercise, but it is important to understand how exercise can affect blood glucose levels. Exercise generally helps improve blood-glucose control, but some people — particularly those using insulin or certain diabetes medications — can develop low blood sugar during or after exercise. Checking your glucose when appropriate, carrying a source of fast-acting carbohydrate and making sure you are adequately hydrated can be important. Your healthcare team can advise you on how to adjust food, medication and glucose monitoring around exercise.

How can I exercise with osteoporosis?

Exercise is particularly important if you have osteoporosis because it can help maintain bone strength, improve muscle strength and balance, and reduce the risk of falls. Weight-bearing exercise and resistance training can be beneficial, but exercises involving high impact, sudden twisting or heavy spinal loading may not be appropriate for everyone, particularly if you have already had a vertebral fracture. Start gradually and consider getting advice from a physiotherapist or appropriately trained exercise professional about exercises that are suitable for you.

Is exercise safe if I’ve had a stroke?

Yes. Exercise and rehabilitation are important parts of recovery after a stroke and can help improve strength, balance, mobility and cardiovascular health. The effects of a stroke vary considerably — some people may have very little lasting disability, while others may have significant weakness or difficulties with balance and movement. Physiotherapy and supervised rehabilitation can help you regain function and gradually increase your activity safely. Once medically stable, regular physical activity is generally encouraged, with the type and intensity tailored to your abilities and any ongoing medical problems.